Notional results for a UK general election on 5 May 2005 Great Britain - by vote share

Ranking Constituency Winning party Vote share
1 Knowsley Lab 71.8%
2 Liverpool, Walton Lab 71.8%
3 Easington Lab 71.3%
4 Bootle Lab 71.0%
5 Barnsley East Lab 71.0%
6 Sheffield, Brightside and Hillsborough Lab 69.6%
7 Washington and Sunderland West Lab 68.8%
8 Rhondda Lab 68.1%
9 Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford Lab 65.3%
10 Bolsover Lab 65.2%
11 Birkenhead Lab 64.8%
12 Islwyn Lab 64.3%
13 North Durham Lab 64.1%
14 Camberwell and Peckham Lab 63.3%
15 Halton Lab 63.1%
16 Cynon Valley Lab 63.0%
17 Blackley and Broughton Lab 62.5%
18 Makerfield Lab 62.1%
19 Houghton and Sunderland South Lab 62.0%
20 Wentworth and Dearne Lab 61.8%
21 Gateshead Lab 61.4%
22 Ogmore Lab 61.0%
23 South Shields Lab 60.8%
24 Liverpool, West Derby Lab 60.5%
25 Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney Lab 60.5%
26 Sheffield South East Lab 60.3%
27 Aberavon Lab 60.0%
28 Leeds East Lab 59.8%
29 Beckenham Con 59.7%
30 Wolverhampton South East Lab 59.5%
31 Leeds Central Lab 59.5%
32 North Tyneside Lab 59.4%
33 Manchester Central Lab 59.3%
34 Richmond (Yorks) Con 59.3%
35 Liverpool, Riverside Lab 59.2%
36 Nottingham North Lab 59.1%
37 Sedgefield Lab 59.0%
38 Jarrow Lab 58.8%
39 Leicester East Lab 58.7%
40 Hemsworth Lab 58.7%
41 Ashton-under-Lyne Lab 58.5%
42 Buckingham Con 58.2%
43 Blaenau Gwent Ind 58.2%
44 Wigan Lab 58.1%
45 Tottenham Lab 57.9%
46 Garston and Halewood Lab 57.9%
47 Leigh Lab 57.8%
48 Rotherham Lab 57.7%
49 Romford Con 57.7%
50 Denton and Reddish Lab 57.6%
51 Barnsley Central Lab 57.6%
52 Middlesbrough Lab 57.6%
53 St Helens North Lab 57.4%
54 Ealing, Southall Lab 57.3%
55 South Holland and The Deepings Con 57.0%
56 Coventry North East Lab 56.9%
57 Torfaen Lab 56.9%
58 Mitcham and Morden Lab 56.7%
59 Swansea East Lab 56.6%
60 Don Valley Lab 56.5%
61 Hayes and Harlington Lab 56.4%
62 Maldon Con 56.3%
63 Leeds West Lab 56.2%
64 East Surrey Con 56.2%
65 Kingston upon Hull East Lab 56.1%
66 Edmonton Lab 55.9%
67 New Forest West Con 55.9%
68 Stoke-on-Trent North Lab 55.8%
69 West Bromwich East Lab 55.8%
70 Bolton South East Lab 55.7%
71 St Helens South and Whiston Lab 55.6%
72 Caerphilly Lab 55.4%
73 Salford and Eccles Lab 55.4%
74 Lewisham, Deptford Lab 55.4%
75 Christchurch Con 55.3%
76 Chelsea and Fulham Con 55.2%
77 Wansbeck Lab 55.2%
78 Kingston upon Hull West and Hessle Lab 55.1%
79 Blyth Valley Lab 55.0%
80 Epsom and Ewell Con 54.9%
81 Warley Lab 54.9%
82 Stockton North Lab 54.8%
83 Mole Valley Con 54.8%
84 Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner Con 54.7%
85 Wolverhampton North East Lab 54.7%
86 Wyre and Preston North Con 54.7%
87 Wallasey Lab 54.5%
88 Thornbury and Yate LD 54.3%
89 Fylde Con 54.3%
90 Pontypridd Lab 54.2%
91 Bexhill and Battle Con 54.2%
92 Beaconsfield Con 54.1%
93 Sheffield, Heeley Lab 54.1%
94 Brentwood and Ongar Con 54.0%
95 North West Durham Lab 53.9%
96 Folkestone and Hythe Con 53.9%
97 Rayleigh and Wickford Con 53.9%
98 Broxbourne Con 53.8%
99 West Bromwich West Lab 53.7%
100 Croydon North Lab 53.6%
101 East Ham Lab 53.6%
102 Chesham and Amersham Con 53.5%
103 Worsley and Eccles South Lab 53.3%
104 Hertsmere Con 53.2%
105 North Norfolk LD 53.2%
106 Henley Con 53.2%
107 Chingford and Woodford Green Con 53.2%
108 Derby South Lab 53.2%
109 Manchester, Gorton Lab 53.1%
110 North East Hampshire Con 53.1%
111 Daventry Con 53.0%
112 Bassetlaw Lab 53.0%
113 Birmingham, Erdington Lab 52.9%
114 Warrington North Lab 52.9%
115 Tonbridge and Malling Con 52.9%
116 Newcastle upon Tyne East Lab 52.8%
117 Epping Forest Con 52.7%
118 Hackney South and Shoreditch Lab 52.7%
119 Birmingham, Ladywood Lab 52.6%
120 Erith and Thamesmead Lab 52.6%
121 Berwick-upon-Tweed LD 52.6%
122 Neath Lab 52.6%
123 Sutton Coldfield Con 52.6%
124 North Herefordshire Con 52.5%
125 Greenwich and Woolwich Lab 52.5%
126 Stoke-on-Trent Central Lab 52.4%
127 Stockport Lab 52.3%
128 Darlington Lab 52.3%
129 Kingston upon Hull North Lab 52.3%
130 Wythenshawe and Sale East Lab 52.2%
131 Harrogate and Knaresborough LD 52.1%
132 Scunthorpe Lab 52.0%
133 Croydon South Con 52.0%
134 Workington Lab 52.0%
135 Thirsk and Malton Con 51.9%
136 St Ives LD 51.8%
137 Maidenhead Con 51.8%
138 Maidstone and The Weald Con 51.8%
139 Vauxhall Lab 51.7%
140 West Ham Lab 51.7%
141 Twickenham LD 51.6%
142 Blaydon Lab 51.6%
143 South Northamptonshire Con 51.6%
144 Rother Valley Lab 51.6%
145 Lewes LD 51.5%
146 Hartlepool Lab 51.5%
147 Surrey Heath Con 51.5%
148 Tatton Con 51.5%
149 Yeovil LD 51.5%
150 Ashford Con 51.4%
151 Penrith and The Border Con 51.4%
152 Runnymede and Weybridge Con 51.4%
153 Redcar Lab 51.4%
154 Sevenoaks Con 51.4%
155 Stretford and Urmston Lab 51.4%
156 Mid Worcestershire Con 51.3%
157 Stratford-on-Avon Con 51.3%
158 Orpington Con 51.2%
159 Rutland and Melton Con 51.2%
160 Islington North Lab 51.2%
161 Doncaster North Lab 51.1%
162 Kingston and Surbiton LD 51.1%
163 Devizes Con 51.0%
164 Bromsgrove Con 51.0%
165 Doncaster Central Lab 51.0%
166 Cannock Chase Lab 51.0%
167 Bury South Lab 50.9%
168 Saffron Walden Con 50.8%
169 Chorley Lab 50.8%
170 Leicester West Lab 50.8%
171 Dwyfor Meirionnydd PC 50.8%
172 Huntingdon Con 50.8%
173 Tunbridge Wells Con 50.7%
174 South Staffordshire Con 50.6%
175 South West Surrey Con 50.6%
176 Newcastle upon Tyne Central Lab 50.6%
177 Sleaford and North Hykeham Con 50.6%
178 Newark Con 50.5%
179 Spelthorne Con 50.5%
180 North West Hampshire Con 50.5%
181 Wealden Con 50.4%
182 Kenilworth and Southam Con 50.4%
183 Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland Lab 50.3%
184 Birmingham, Northfield Lab 50.3%
185 Arundel and South Downs Con 50.3%
186 Montgomeryshire LD 50.3%
187 Walthamstow Lab 50.3%
188 Hazel Grove LD 50.3%
189 Hertford and Stortford Con 50.2%
190 Brent Central Lab 50.1%
191 Mansfield Lab 50.1%
192 Faversham and Mid Kent Con 50.1%
193 Winchester LD 50.0%
194 Sunderland Central Lab 50.0%
195 Skipton and Ripon Con 50.0%
196 Bishop Auckland Lab 50.0%
197 Old Bexley and Sidcup Con 50.0%
198 Mid Dorset and North Poole LD 50.0%
199 Braintree Con 49.9%
200 North West Norfolk Con 49.9%
201 North East Bedfordshire Con 49.9%
202 Bracknell Con 49.9%
203 Newcastle upon Tyne North Lab 49.8%
204 Cardiff Central LD 49.8%
205 Witham Con 49.7%
206 Fareham Con 49.7%
207 Stalybridge and Hyde Lab 49.7%
208 North Wiltshire Con 49.7%
209 Macclesfield Con 49.6%
210 Barking Lab 49.6%
211 Welwyn Hatfield Con 49.6%
212 North Shropshire Con 49.6%
213 Liverpool, Wavertree Lab 49.5%
214 Windsor Con 49.5%
215 New Forest East Con 49.4%
216 Hitchin and Harpenden Con 49.4%
217 Sherwood Lab 49.4%
218 Brent North Lab 49.4%
219 Witney Con 49.4%
220 The Cotswolds Con 49.4%
221 Horsham Con 49.3%
222 Walsall South Lab 49.2%
223 Dagenham and Rainham Lab 49.2%
224 South West Wiltshire Con 49.1%
225 Morecambe and Lunesdale Lab 49.1%
226 Newbury Con 49.0%
227 Hackney North and Stoke Newington Lab 49.0%
228 Isle of Wight Con 48.9%
229 West Suffolk Con 48.9%
230 Ilford South Lab 48.9%
231 York Central Lab 48.8%
232 Alyn and Deeside Lab 48.8%
233 Ellesmere Port and Neston Lab 48.7%
234 Ashfield Lab 48.7%
235 Lichfield Con 48.7%
236 Preston Lab 48.7%
237 Harrow West Lab 48.6%
238 Luton North Lab 48.6%
239 Bristol South Lab 48.6%
240 Reigate Con 48.6%
241 Blackpool South Lab 48.5%
242 Crewe and Nantwich Lab 48.4%
243 Stone Con 48.4%
244 Oldham West and Royton Lab 48.4%
245 Aylesbury Con 48.3%
246 Bradford South Lab 48.3%
247 Heywood and Middleton Lab 48.3%
248 Castle Point Con 48.3%
249 Tynemouth Lab 48.3%
250 Southampton, Itchen Lab 48.3%
251 South West Bedfordshire Con 48.3%
252 Mid Sussex Con 48.3%
253 Cities of London and Westminster Con 48.2%
254 North East Derbyshire Lab 48.2%
255 Walsall North Lab 48.2%
256 Aldridge-Brownhills Con 48.2%
257 Tewkesbury Con 48.2%
258 Telford Lab 48.1%
259 Wokingham Con 48.1%
260 Feltham and Heston Lab 48.1%
261 West Lancashire Lab 48.1%
262 North East Hertfordshire Con 48.1%
263 Rushcliffe Con 48.0%
264 Coventry North West Lab 48.0%
265 Chichester Con 48.0%
266 North Thanet Con 47.9%
267 Cheadle LD 47.8%
268 Colchester LD 47.7%
269 Stockton South Lab 47.7%
270 Bermondsey and Old Southwark LD 47.6%
271 Meriden Con 47.6%
272 Lewisham East Lab 47.6%
273 Worthing West Con 47.6%
274 Gloucester Lab 47.6%
275 Hornchurch and Upminster Con 47.5%
276 Woking Con 47.4%
277 Wycombe Con 47.4%
278 North Warwickshire Lab 47.4%
279 St Austell and Newquay LD 47.3%
280 East Devon Con 47.3%
281 City of Durham Lab 47.2%
282 Mid Derbyshire Con 47.2%
283 Selby and Ainsty Con 47.2%
284 South East Cambridgeshire Con 47.1%
285 Norwich North Lab 47.1%
286 Great Grimsby Lab 47.1%
287 East Hampshire Con 47.0%
288 Altrincham and Sale West Con 47.0%
289 Haltemprice and Howden Con 47.0%
290 South West Hertfordshire Con 47.0%
291 Chesterfield LD 47.0%
292 Streatham Lab 47.0%
293 Llanelli Lab 46.9%
294 North East Cambridgeshire Con 46.9%
295 Grantham and Stamford Con 46.9%
296 Eddisbury Con 46.9%
297 Ealing North Lab 46.9%
298 Birmingham, Hodge Hill Lab 46.9%
299 Banbury Con 46.9%
300 Monmouth Con 46.9%
301 Sutton and Cheam LD 46.9%
302 Birmingham, Selly Oak Lab 46.8%
303 Carlisle Lab 46.8%
304 Stoke-on-Trent South Lab 46.8%
305 South East Cornwall LD 46.8%
306 Copeland Lab 46.7%
307 Nottingham East Lab 46.7%
308 Tiverton and Honiton Con 46.7%
309 Richmond Park LD 46.7%
310 Nuneaton Lab 46.6%
311 Gedling Lab 46.6%
312 Mid Bedfordshire Con 46.6%
313 Cardiff South and Penarth Lab 46.6%
314 Charnwood Con 46.6%
315 Mid Norfolk Con 46.5%
316 Sheffield Central Lab 46.5%
317 Bexleyheath and Crayford Con 46.5%
318 West Dorset Con 46.5%
319 Derbyshire Dales Con 46.5%
320 South Cambridgeshire Con 46.5%
321 Amber Valley Lab 46.5%
322 North Devon LD 46.4%
323 North Dorset Con 46.4%
324 Louth and Horncastle Con 46.4%
325 Salisbury Con 46.4%
326 Huddersfield Lab 46.4%
327 Bury St Edmunds Con 46.4%
328 Sheffield, Hallam LD 46.4%
329 Southport LD 46.3%
330 Boston and Skegness Con 46.3%
331 Birmingham, Perry Barr Lab 46.3%
332 Bolton North East Lab 46.3%
333 Lewisham West and Penge Lab 46.3%
334 Halesowen and Rowley Regis Lab 46.2%
335 North West Cambridgeshire Con 46.2%
336 Thurrock Lab 46.2%
337 Slough Lab 46.2%
338 Southend West Con 46.2%
339 Oxford West and Abingdon LD 46.1%
340 Wrexham Lab 46.1%
341 Basildon and Billericay Con 46.0%
342 Morley and Outwood Lab 46.0%
343 Westmorland and Lonsdale LD 46.0%
344 Kingswood Lab 45.9%
345 Nottingham South Lab 45.9%
346 Elmet and Rothwell Lab 45.9%
347 Meon Valley Con 45.9%
348 Vale of Clwyd Lab 45.9%
349 Chipping Barnet Con 45.9%
350 Carmarthen East and Dinefwr PC 45.9%
351 Leyton and Wanstead Lab 45.8%
352 Coventry South Lab 45.8%
353 Brigg and Goole Lab 45.8%
354 Blackpool North and Cleveleys Lab 45.7%
355 Leeds North East Lab 45.7%
356 Weaver Vale Lab 45.7%
357 Esher and Walton Con 45.7%
358 Hyndburn Lab 45.7%
359 Delyn Lab 45.7%
360 Sefton Central Lab 45.6%
361 Newton Abbot LD 45.6%
362 Great Yarmouth Lab 45.6%
363 Bristol East Lab 45.5%
364 North West Leicestershire Lab 45.5%
365 Harrow East Lab 45.5%
366 Bath LD 45.4%
367 South Leicestershire Con 45.4%
368 Pudsey Lab 45.4%
369 Congleton Con 45.4%
370 Bridgwater and West Somerset Con 45.4%
371 Rochford and Southend East Con 45.4%
372 Newcastle-under-Lyme Lab 45.4%
373 Bolton West Lab 45.4%
374 East Yorkshire Con 45.4%
375 Waveney Lab 45.4%
376 Dover Lab 45.3%
377 Bournemouth East Con 45.3%
378 Batley and Spen Lab 45.3%
379 Newport East Lab 45.2%
380 Clwyd South Lab 45.2%
381 Barrow and Furness Lab 45.2%
382 Penistone and Stocksbridge Lab 45.2%
383 Hendon Lab 45.2%
384 Bognor Regis and Littlehampton Con 45.2%
385 Holborn and St Pancras Lab 45.1%
386 North Swindon Lab 45.1%
387 Ludlow Con 45.1%
388 Chatham and Aylesford Lab 45.1%
389 Reading West Lab 45.0%
390 Bromley and Chislehurst Con 45.0%
391 South West Norfolk Con 45.0%
392 West Worcestershire Con 45.0%
393 Ribble Valley Con 44.9%
394 Cardiff West Lab 44.9%
395 Newport West Lab 44.8%
396 Brecon and Radnorshire LD 44.8%
397 Gosport Con 44.8%
398 Cambridge LD 44.8%
399 Keighley Lab 44.7%
400 Erewash Lab 44.7%
401 Warwick and Leamington Lab 44.7%
402 Suffolk Coastal Con 44.6%
403 Central Suffolk and North Ipswich Con 44.5%
404 Canterbury Con 44.5%
405 Clacton Con 44.5%
406 Uxbridge and South Ruislip Con 44.4%
407 Taunton Deane LD 44.4%
408 Plymouth, Moor View Lab 44.4%
409 South West Devon Con 44.4%
410 Havant Con 44.3%
411 South Ribble Lab 44.3%
412 Dulwich and West Norwood Lab 44.2%
413 Southampton, Test Lab 44.2%
414 South Norfolk Con 44.2%
415 Bradford East Lab 44.1%
416 Wakefield Lab 44.1%
417 Aldershot Con 44.0%
418 Dudley South Lab 44.0%
419 East Worthing and Shoreham Con 43.9%
420 Gainsborough Con 43.8%
421 Kensington Con 43.8%
422 Ilford North Con 43.8%
423 Enfield, Southgate Con 43.8%
424 Central Devon Con 43.8%
425 Somerton and Frome LD 43.8%
426 Lincoln Lab 43.7%
427 Redditch Lab 43.7%
428 Gravesham Con 43.7%
429 Romsey and Southampton North LD 43.6%
430 Wells Con 43.6%
431 Rugby Lab 43.5%
432 Guildford Con 43.4%
433 Wolverhampton South West Lab 43.4%
434 Broadland Con 43.4%
435 Poole Con 43.4%
436 Hereford and South Herefordshire LD 43.4%
437 Hornsey and Wood Green LD 43.3%
438 Cleethorpes Lab 43.3%
439 Peterborough Con 43.3%
440 Stafford Lab 43.2%
441 Enfield North Con 43.1%
442 Stevenage Lab 43.1%
443 Birmingham, Edgbaston Lab 43.1%
444 Corby Lab 43.1%
445 Wantage Con 43.1%
446 Eastbourne Con 43.1%
447 Dartford Lab 43.0%
448 Rossendale and Darwen Lab 43.0%
449 Tamworth Lab 43.0%
450 Kettering Con 43.0%
451 Harborough Con 42.9%
452 Ipswich Lab 42.9%
453 Bridgend Lab 42.9%
454 South Derbyshire Lab 42.9%
455 Totnes Con 42.8%
456 Luton South Lab 42.8%
457 Tooting Lab 42.7%
458 Wellingborough Con 42.7%
459 Rochester and Strood Con 42.6%
460 Bosworth Con 42.6%
461 Harwich and North Essex Con 42.6%
462 Dudley North Lab 42.6%
463 Oldham East and Saddleworth Lab 42.5%
464 Wirral South Lab 42.5%
465 Gower Lab 42.5%
466 Lancaster and Fleetwood Lab 42.4%
467 Chippenham LD 42.4%
468 Hammersmith Lab 42.4%
469 Hexham Con 42.4%
470 Birmingham, Hall Green Lab 42.4%
471 Putney Con 42.3%
472 North Cornwall LD 42.3%
473 Torridge and West Devon Con 42.3%
474 Manchester, Withington LD 42.3%
475 Eltham Lab 42.2%
476 Stourbridge Lab 42.2%
477 Blackburn Lab 42.1%
478 Exeter Lab 42.1%
479 The Wrekin Con 42.1%
480 Burton Lab 42.1%
481 Derby North Lab 42.1%
482 South Suffolk Con 42.1%
483 Birmingham, Yardley LD 42.0%
484 Halifax Lab 41.9%
485 Worcester Lab 41.9%
486 Bury North Lab 41.8%
487 North Somerset Con 41.8%
488 Swansea West Lab 41.8%
489 Torbay LD 41.8%
490 Wirral West Con 41.8%
491 Broxtowe Lab 41.7%
492 Sittingbourne and Sheppey Con 41.7%
493 South Dorset Lab 41.6%
494 Portsmouth South LD 41.6%
495 Bedford Lab 41.6%
496 Northampton South Lab 41.6%
497 Wimbledon Con 41.4%
498 Harlow Lab 41.4%
499 Warrington South Lab 41.2%
500 South Thanet Con 41.2%
501 Loughborough Lab 41.2%
502 High Peak Lab 41.1%
503 Croydon Central Lab 41.1%
504 Scarborough and Whitby Con 41.0%
505 Truro and Falmouth LD 41.0%
506 Beverley and Holderness Con 40.9%
507 Forest of Dean Con 40.9%
508 Rochdale Lab 40.9%
509 Milton Keynes South Lab 40.8%
510 Vale of Glamorgan Lab 40.8%
511 Gillingham and Rainham Lab 40.7%
512 Plymouth, Sutton and Devonport Lab 40.7%
513 Battersea Lab 40.7%
514 South Basildon and East Thurrock Lab 40.7%
515 Hastings and Rye Lab 40.6%
516 Dewsbury Lab 40.6%
517 South Swindon Lab 40.4%
518 Carshalton and Wallington LD 40.4%
519 Weston-Super-Mare Con 40.3%
520 Stroud Lab 40.2%
521 Hemel Hempstead Con 40.1%
522 Westminster North Lab 39.9%
523 Islington South and Finsbury Lab 39.9%
524 Finchley and Golders Green Con 39.8%
525 Staffordshire Moorlands Con 39.7%
526 Bradford West Lab 39.7%
527 Solihull Con 39.7%
528 Bournemouth West Con 39.5%
529 Chelmsford Con 39.5%
530 Cheltenham LD 39.4%
531 Leicester South Lab 39.3%
532 North East Somerset Con 39.1%
533 Crawley Lab 39.1%
534 Bristol West LD 39.1%
535 Cardiff North Lab 39.0%
536 Brentford and Isleworth Lab 39.0%
537 City of Chester Lab 39.0%
538 Brighton, Kemptown Lab 39.0%
539 Shipley Con 38.8%
540 Basingstoke Con 38.8%
541 Northampton North Lab 38.7%
542 Wyre Forest KHHC 38.6%
543 Portsmouth North Lab 38.5%
544 Calder Valley Lab 38.5%
545 Burnley Lab 38.5%
546 Eastleigh LD 38.3%
547 Bristol North West Lab 38.2%
548 Milton Keynes North Lab 37.9%
549 Shrewsbury and Atcham Con 37.7%
550 Hove Lab 37.4%
551 Norwich South Lab 37.4%
552 St Albans Con 37.3%
553 Pendle Lab 37.1%
554 Leeds North West LD 36.9%
555 York Outer LD 36.7%
556 Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire Lab 36.7%
557 Bethnal Green and Bow Res 36.5%
558 Ceredigion LD 36.5%
559 Brighton, Pavilion Lab 36.4%
560 Preseli Pembrokeshire Con 36.4%
561 Hampstead and Kilburn Lab 36.3%
562 Clwyd West Con 36.1%
563 Oxford East Lab 35.9%
564 Camborne and Redruth LD 35.9%
565 Reading East Con 35.6%
566 Filton and Bradley Stoke Con 35.5%
567 Colne Valley Lab 35.4%
568 Poplar and Limehouse Lab 35.3%
569 Ynys Môn Lab 34.6%
570 Arfon Lab 33.9%
571 Watford Lab 33.6%
572 Ealing Central and Acton Lab 33.4%
573 Aberconwy Lab 33.0%

Estimates of the 2005 general election result in new constituencies

Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher, then at the University of Plymouth, produced estimates of the 2005 general election result as if the new constituencies recommended by the separate Parliamentary Boundary Commissions for England, Wales and Northern Ireland had then been in existence.

The Elections Centre, established by Professors Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher, moved to the University of Exeter in 2003.